Freitag, 10. Oktober 2008
Sonntag, 5. Oktober 2008
Liposuction
Liposuction
Procedure:
Improves body shape by removing exercise-resistant fat deposits with a tube and a vacuum device. This procedure can be performed using the tumescent or the super-wet techniques. Liposuction techniques typically are performed after targeted fat cells are infused with a saline solution containing a local anesthetic and adrenalin to decrease blood loss, allow an easier removal of the fat, as well as diminish postoperative discomfort. This also reduces post-operative bruising and swelling. The most common locations for liposuction are: chin, cheeks, neck, and upper arms, the area above the breasts, abdomen, buttocks, hips, thighs, knees, calves, and ankles.
There are two types of techniques commonly used: the "Traditional Technique" and the "Ultrasonic Technique (UA)". The Traditional Technique utilizes a hollow tube to remove the fat and the Ultrasonic Technique utilizes ultrasonic energy to dissolve that fat before it is removed. (See your Physician regarding which technique would be best for you)
Length:
Traditional: One to two hours or more
UAL is peel out: 20-40% longer than Traditional liposuction
Anesthesia:
General anesthesia can be used or intravenous sedation and local anesthesia are used.
Inpatient/Outpatient:
This is an outpatient procedure.
Possible Side Effects:
Temporary bruising, swelling, numbness, soreness or burning sensations.
Risks:
Infection, asymmetry, rippling of the skin, pigmentation changes (hypo/hyper), injury to the skin, fluid retention and/or excessive loss of blood and fluids.
Recovery:
The patient usually returns to work after five to fourteen days. More strenuous activity may be resumed after two to four weeks. Full recovery from swelling and bruising may take one to six months depending upon the amount of fat that is removed and the areas that were treated.
Results:
The effect is permanent and must be augmented with a sensible diet and consistent exercise.
Procedure:
Improves body shape by removing exercise-resistant fat deposits with a tube and a vacuum device. This procedure can be performed using the tumescent or the super-wet techniques. Liposuction techniques typically are performed after targeted fat cells are infused with a saline solution containing a local anesthetic and adrenalin to decrease blood loss, allow an easier removal of the fat, as well as diminish postoperative discomfort. This also reduces post-operative bruising and swelling. The most common locations for liposuction are: chin, cheeks, neck, and upper arms, the area above the breasts, abdomen, buttocks, hips, thighs, knees, calves, and ankles.
There are two types of techniques commonly used: the "Traditional Technique" and the "Ultrasonic Technique (UA)". The Traditional Technique utilizes a hollow tube to remove the fat and the Ultrasonic Technique utilizes ultrasonic energy to dissolve that fat before it is removed. (See your Physician regarding which technique would be best for you)
Length:
Traditional: One to two hours or more
UAL is peel out: 20-40% longer than Traditional liposuction
Anesthesia:
General anesthesia can be used or intravenous sedation and local anesthesia are used.
Inpatient/Outpatient:
This is an outpatient procedure.
Possible Side Effects:
Temporary bruising, swelling, numbness, soreness or burning sensations.
Risks:
Infection, asymmetry, rippling of the skin, pigmentation changes (hypo/hyper), injury to the skin, fluid retention and/or excessive loss of blood and fluids.
Recovery:
The patient usually returns to work after five to fourteen days. More strenuous activity may be resumed after two to four weeks. Full recovery from swelling and bruising may take one to six months depending upon the amount of fat that is removed and the areas that were treated.
Results:
The effect is permanent and must be augmented with a sensible diet and consistent exercise.
Face Lift
Face Lift
Procedure:
Improves sagging facial skin, jowls and loose neck skin by removing excess fat, tightening muscles and re-draping skin.
Length:
Approximately four hours.
Anesthesia:
Usually general anesthesia is used or the patient may elect to have sedation and local anesthesia.
Inpatient/Outpatient:
Usually this is an outpatient procedure, although some patients may require a short hospital stay
Possible Side Effects:
Temporary bruising, swelling, numbness and tenderness of the skin, as well as a tight feeling and dry skin. For men, permanent need to shave behind ears, where beard-growing skin is repositioned.
Risks:
Injury to the nerves that control facial muscles or feeling (which is usually temporary but in rare cases may be permanent), infection, bleeding, poor healing, excessive scarring, asymmetry and a change in the hairline.
Recovery:
The patient may return to work after ten to fourteen days. More strenuous activity may be resumed after two weeks or more. Bruising should begin to disappear after seven to ten days. Sun exposure must be limited for several months after surgery. The use of a sun block that provides both UVA and UVB (Utraviolet )protection is recommended.
Results:
Most facelifts can be expected to maintain optimum appearance for up to five to ten years.
Procedure:
Improves sagging facial skin, jowls and loose neck skin by removing excess fat, tightening muscles and re-draping skin.
Length:
Approximately four hours.
Anesthesia:
Usually general anesthesia is used or the patient may elect to have sedation and local anesthesia.
Inpatient/Outpatient:
Usually this is an outpatient procedure, although some patients may require a short hospital stay
Possible Side Effects:
Temporary bruising, swelling, numbness and tenderness of the skin, as well as a tight feeling and dry skin. For men, permanent need to shave behind ears, where beard-growing skin is repositioned.
Risks:
Injury to the nerves that control facial muscles or feeling (which is usually temporary but in rare cases may be permanent), infection, bleeding, poor healing, excessive scarring, asymmetry and a change in the hairline.
Recovery:
The patient may return to work after ten to fourteen days. More strenuous activity may be resumed after two weeks or more. Bruising should begin to disappear after seven to ten days. Sun exposure must be limited for several months after surgery. The use of a sun block that provides both UVA and UVB (Utraviolet )protection is recommended.
Results:
Most facelifts can be expected to maintain optimum appearance for up to five to ten years.
Mittwoch, 1. Oktober 2008
Breast Reduction
Breast Reduction
Procedure:
A breast reduction, also referred to as a reduction mammoplasty, is a surgical procedure to reduce the size and improve the shape of the breasts. Typically, women who are candidates for this procedure have physical symptoms related to the weight or shape of their breasts. These symptoms include back pain, neck pain, and bra strap grooves. The incisions vary based upon the breast size before the operation and the final post operative size.
An incision is made around the nipple and areola accompanied by a vertical incision below the areola with or without a horizontal incision made in the crease below the breast. Short scar techniques are frequently applicable in breast reduction surgery and allow excellent reduction of size with improved shape while limiting the extent of the incisions.
For reduction of very large breasts, in some cases the nipple and areola may need to be surgically removed and reapplied as a graft. Removing and reapplying the nipple/areola tissue will result in the loss of nipple sensation and the inability to breastfeed.
Length:
The procedure usually requires 2-4 hours of operating time depending upon the technique chosen and the size of the breasts.
Anesthesia:
The procedure is typically performed under general anesthesia supplemented with local anesthesia. Smaller reductions can be performed under intravenous sedation without the need for general anesthesia.
Inpatient or outpatient:
Depending on the size of the breasts, type of anesthesia selected, and length of the surgical procedure, patients may return home on the same day as their surgery or spend the night at an aftercare facility or hospital.
Possible side effects:
Prolonged swelling and delayed healing.
Risks:
Risks associated with breast reduction include: unfavorable scarring, loss of nipple sensation, loss of ability to breastfeed, loss of nipple and breast tissue, unsatisfactory shape, and failure to achieve aesthetic goals.
Recovery:
Typically one to two weeks is required for recovery. Most patients return to normal activities in that period of time. Strenuous physical activities are discouraged for three to six weeks after the operation.
Results:
Most patients who undergo a reduction mammoplasty are pleased with the size and the shape of their breasts and are delighted with the improvement and lessening of the symptoms of pain and discomfort that they experienced due to the weight of their breasts. Breast reduction makes physical activities easier and patients enjoy their new appearance and ability to wear clothing that was uncomfortable or unattractive before the surgery was performed.
Please do not use the internet as a substitute for medical advice by a qualified plastic surgeon.
Procedure:
A breast reduction, also referred to as a reduction mammoplasty, is a surgical procedure to reduce the size and improve the shape of the breasts. Typically, women who are candidates for this procedure have physical symptoms related to the weight or shape of their breasts. These symptoms include back pain, neck pain, and bra strap grooves. The incisions vary based upon the breast size before the operation and the final post operative size.
An incision is made around the nipple and areola accompanied by a vertical incision below the areola with or without a horizontal incision made in the crease below the breast. Short scar techniques are frequently applicable in breast reduction surgery and allow excellent reduction of size with improved shape while limiting the extent of the incisions.
For reduction of very large breasts, in some cases the nipple and areola may need to be surgically removed and reapplied as a graft. Removing and reapplying the nipple/areola tissue will result in the loss of nipple sensation and the inability to breastfeed.
Length:
The procedure usually requires 2-4 hours of operating time depending upon the technique chosen and the size of the breasts.
Anesthesia:
The procedure is typically performed under general anesthesia supplemented with local anesthesia. Smaller reductions can be performed under intravenous sedation without the need for general anesthesia.
Inpatient or outpatient:
Depending on the size of the breasts, type of anesthesia selected, and length of the surgical procedure, patients may return home on the same day as their surgery or spend the night at an aftercare facility or hospital.
Possible side effects:
Prolonged swelling and delayed healing.
Risks:
Risks associated with breast reduction include: unfavorable scarring, loss of nipple sensation, loss of ability to breastfeed, loss of nipple and breast tissue, unsatisfactory shape, and failure to achieve aesthetic goals.
Recovery:
Typically one to two weeks is required for recovery. Most patients return to normal activities in that period of time. Strenuous physical activities are discouraged for three to six weeks after the operation.
Results:
Most patients who undergo a reduction mammoplasty are pleased with the size and the shape of their breasts and are delighted with the improvement and lessening of the symptoms of pain and discomfort that they experienced due to the weight of their breasts. Breast reduction makes physical activities easier and patients enjoy their new appearance and ability to wear clothing that was uncomfortable or unattractive before the surgery was performed.
Please do not use the internet as a substitute for medical advice by a qualified plastic surgeon.
Eyelid Surgery
Eyelid Surgery
Procedure:
Alters drooping upper eyelid skin and the puffy bags below the eyes by removing excess fat, skin and muscle.
Length:
Approximately two hours.
Anesthesia:
General anesthesia or intravenous sedation and local anesthesia are used.
Inpatient/Outpatient:
This is an outpatient procedure.
Possible Side Effects:
Temporary discomfort, feeling of "tightness" in the eyelid area, swelling or bruising. Excessive tearing and sensitivity to light for the first few weeks should be expected. Temporary dryness, burning, or itching of eyes may also occur but these side effects are rare.
Risks:
Temporary blurred or double vision, infection, bleeding, swelling at the corners of the eyelids, dry eyes, formation of whiteheads, slight asymmetry in healing or scarring, difficulty in closing eyes completely (which is rarely permanent), and a lowered position of the lower eyelid of the lower lids which may require further surgery. Permanent loss of vision is a risk but this is extremely rare.
Recovery:
The patient may begin reading after about two to three days and can expect to return to work at approximately five to ten days. Use of contact lens may be resumed after two weeks (upon re-evaluation by the physician). The patient should not consume alcohol after the surgery. More strenuous activities and alcohol consumption may be resumed after three weeks. Bruising and swelling should be gone after several weeks.
Results:
For some, this procedure will last several years and for others it may be permanent.
Procedure:
Alters drooping upper eyelid skin and the puffy bags below the eyes by removing excess fat, skin and muscle.
Length:
Approximately two hours.
Anesthesia:
General anesthesia or intravenous sedation and local anesthesia are used.
Inpatient/Outpatient:
This is an outpatient procedure.
Possible Side Effects:
Temporary discomfort, feeling of "tightness" in the eyelid area, swelling or bruising. Excessive tearing and sensitivity to light for the first few weeks should be expected. Temporary dryness, burning, or itching of eyes may also occur but these side effects are rare.
Risks:
Temporary blurred or double vision, infection, bleeding, swelling at the corners of the eyelids, dry eyes, formation of whiteheads, slight asymmetry in healing or scarring, difficulty in closing eyes completely (which is rarely permanent), and a lowered position of the lower eyelid of the lower lids which may require further surgery. Permanent loss of vision is a risk but this is extremely rare.
Recovery:
The patient may begin reading after about two to three days and can expect to return to work at approximately five to ten days. Use of contact lens may be resumed after two weeks (upon re-evaluation by the physician). The patient should not consume alcohol after the surgery. More strenuous activities and alcohol consumption may be resumed after three weeks. Bruising and swelling should be gone after several weeks.
Results:
For some, this procedure will last several years and for others it may be permanent.
Ear Surgery
Ear Surgery
Procedure:
Sets prominent ears back closer to the head and/or reduces the size of large ears. This procedure is most often performed on children between the ages of four and fourteen and may be covered by insurance.
Length:
Approximately two hours.
Anesthesia:
Young children: usually general anesthesia is given. For older children or adults: a general or local anesthesia is used with sedation.
Inpatient/Outpatient:
Usually this is an outpatient procedure.
Possible Side Effects:
Temporary throbbing, aching, swelling, redness and/or numbness.
Risks:
Infection of cartilage, excessive scarring, blood clots that may need to be drained, mismatched or artificial-looking ears, or the recurrence of the protrusion which requires repeat surgery.
Recovery:
The patient may return to school or work within five to seven days, and resume strenuous activity, such as contact sports in one to two months.
Results:
Usually permanent.
Procedure:
Sets prominent ears back closer to the head and/or reduces the size of large ears. This procedure is most often performed on children between the ages of four and fourteen and may be covered by insurance.
Length:
Approximately two hours.
Anesthesia:
Young children: usually general anesthesia is given. For older children or adults: a general or local anesthesia is used with sedation.
Inpatient/Outpatient:
Usually this is an outpatient procedure.
Possible Side Effects:
Temporary throbbing, aching, swelling, redness and/or numbness.
Risks:
Infection of cartilage, excessive scarring, blood clots that may need to be drained, mismatched or artificial-looking ears, or the recurrence of the protrusion which requires repeat surgery.
Recovery:
The patient may return to school or work within five to seven days, and resume strenuous activity, such as contact sports in one to two months.
Results:
Usually permanent.
Chemical Peel
Chemical Peel
Procedure:
Restores wrinkled, blemished, unevenly pigmented, or sun-damaged facial skin, using a chemical solution to peel away the skin's top layers. This procedure works best on fair, thin skin with superficial wrinkles.
Length:
The procedure takes approximately one hour for regional areas and two hours for the full face.
Anesthesia:
Topical anesthetic or sedation combined with local anesthesia are used. When sedation is given frequently, EKG monitoring is used.
Inpatient/Outpatient:
Usually this is an outpatient procedure. Full-face Phenol Peel may require hospital admission for a short period of time.
Possible Side Effects:
Both Phenol and TCA can cause temporary throbbing, tingling, swelling, redness and acute sensitivity to sun.
Phenol: may cause permanent lightening of treated skin and permanent loss of the ability to tan.
Risks:
Phenol and TCA: Tiny whiteheads (temporary), infection, scarring, flare-up of skin allergies and cold sores, excessive temporary skin pigmentation.
Phenol: Abnormal color changes (which may be permanent) and heart irregularities (these are extremely rare and occur during the procedure).
Recovery:
Phenol: Formation of new skin takes seven to twenty-one days. The patient may resume normal activities: two to four weeks. Full healing and fading of redness may take three to six months. TCA: New skin forms within five to ten days. The redness will fade over several weeks
Results:
Phenol: Permanent, although new wrinkles may form as skin ages.
TCA: Results vary and the effect is temporary.
Procedure:
Restores wrinkled, blemished, unevenly pigmented, or sun-damaged facial skin, using a chemical solution to peel away the skin's top layers. This procedure works best on fair, thin skin with superficial wrinkles.
Length:
The procedure takes approximately one hour for regional areas and two hours for the full face.
Anesthesia:
Topical anesthetic or sedation combined with local anesthesia are used. When sedation is given frequently, EKG monitoring is used.
Inpatient/Outpatient:
Usually this is an outpatient procedure. Full-face Phenol Peel may require hospital admission for a short period of time.
Possible Side Effects:
Both Phenol and TCA can cause temporary throbbing, tingling, swelling, redness and acute sensitivity to sun.
Phenol: may cause permanent lightening of treated skin and permanent loss of the ability to tan.
Risks:
Phenol and TCA: Tiny whiteheads (temporary), infection, scarring, flare-up of skin allergies and cold sores, excessive temporary skin pigmentation.
Phenol: Abnormal color changes (which may be permanent) and heart irregularities (these are extremely rare and occur during the procedure).
Recovery:
Phenol: Formation of new skin takes seven to twenty-one days. The patient may resume normal activities: two to four weeks. Full healing and fading of redness may take three to six months. TCA: New skin forms within five to ten days. The redness will fade over several weeks
Results:
Phenol: Permanent, although new wrinkles may form as skin ages.
TCA: Results vary and the effect is temporary.
Breast Augmentation
Breast Augmentation
Procedure:
Improves the size and appearance of the breasts by implanting saline or silicone implants if applicable (the use of gel-filled implants may be government regulated) either under or over the chest muscle, thus producing a cosmetic enhancement
Length:
This procedure takes approximately two hours.
Anesthesia:
A general anesthesia is administrated and the patient is completely asleep, or an intravenous sedation is used, combined with local anesthesia.
Inpatient/Outpatient:
Either - depending on the patient's doctor's decisions.
Possible Side Effects:
Mild, temporary discomfort, mild to moderate swelling, a change in nipple sensation (either more or less), and temporary bruising. Breasts may be sensitive to stimulation for a few weeks.
Risks:
The implants may need to be removed and/or replaced to treat problems including: deflation, implant rupture, the formation of scar tissue around the implant (capsular contracture), which may cause the breast to feel tight or hard, bleeding and/or infection. Other risks are an increase or decrease in sensitivity of the nipples or breast skin, which occasionally may be permanent.
Recovery:
The patient can return to work within a few days. She should avoid any physical contact with breasts (excluding her bra) for approximately three to four weeks. Scars should fade and flatten anywhere from three months to two years after surgery, depending upon how an individual heals.
Results:
The outcome varies from patient-to-patient. However the overall effect is enhancement of breast size for improved appearance.
Procedure:
Improves the size and appearance of the breasts by implanting saline or silicone implants if applicable (the use of gel-filled implants may be government regulated) either under or over the chest muscle, thus producing a cosmetic enhancement
Length:
This procedure takes approximately two hours.
Anesthesia:
A general anesthesia is administrated and the patient is completely asleep, or an intravenous sedation is used, combined with local anesthesia.
Inpatient/Outpatient:
Either - depending on the patient's doctor's decisions.
Possible Side Effects:
Mild, temporary discomfort, mild to moderate swelling, a change in nipple sensation (either more or less), and temporary bruising. Breasts may be sensitive to stimulation for a few weeks.
Risks:
The implants may need to be removed and/or replaced to treat problems including: deflation, implant rupture, the formation of scar tissue around the implant (capsular contracture), which may cause the breast to feel tight or hard, bleeding and/or infection. Other risks are an increase or decrease in sensitivity of the nipples or breast skin, which occasionally may be permanent.
Recovery:
The patient can return to work within a few days. She should avoid any physical contact with breasts (excluding her bra) for approximately three to four weeks. Scars should fade and flatten anywhere from three months to two years after surgery, depending upon how an individual heals.
Results:
The outcome varies from patient-to-patient. However the overall effect is enhancement of breast size for improved appearance.
Breast Lift
Breast Lift
Procedure:
This operation removes excess skin in and around the breast that has been stretched during pregnancy or weight fluctuations. Breast implants may also be used in conjunction with this procedure to achieve the desired result.
Length:
Approximately two to three hours.
Anesthesia:
General anesthesia is administered and the patient is completely asleep. The procedure can also be performed under intravenous sedation and local anesthesia.
Inpatient/Outpatient:
Either is possible depending on the patient's medical condition and the preference of the surgeon.
Possible Side Effects:
Temporary bruising, swelling, some mild discomfort, numbness, and dry/tender breast skin.
Risks:
Unfavorable scarring with keloid formations is possible. In addition skin loss, infection, unevenly positioned nipples (asymmetry), and the possibility of permanent loss of feeling in the nipples and/or the breasts.
Recovery:
The patient can return to work within one week or more and may resume strenuous activities after one month. The fading of scars may take several months to one year.
Results:
The outcome varies from patient-to-patient. Other factors that may influence results are: gravity, pregnancy, aging, and weight changes which may cause new sagging. Results may last longer or be enhanced when breast implants are inserted as part of the procedure adding support to the newly positioned breast tissue
Procedure:
This operation removes excess skin in and around the breast that has been stretched during pregnancy or weight fluctuations. Breast implants may also be used in conjunction with this procedure to achieve the desired result.
Length:
Approximately two to three hours.
Anesthesia:
General anesthesia is administered and the patient is completely asleep. The procedure can also be performed under intravenous sedation and local anesthesia.
Inpatient/Outpatient:
Either is possible depending on the patient's medical condition and the preference of the surgeon.
Possible Side Effects:
Temporary bruising, swelling, some mild discomfort, numbness, and dry/tender breast skin.
Risks:
Unfavorable scarring with keloid formations is possible. In addition skin loss, infection, unevenly positioned nipples (asymmetry), and the possibility of permanent loss of feeling in the nipples and/or the breasts.
Recovery:
The patient can return to work within one week or more and may resume strenuous activities after one month. The fading of scars may take several months to one year.
Results:
The outcome varies from patient-to-patient. Other factors that may influence results are: gravity, pregnancy, aging, and weight changes which may cause new sagging. Results may last longer or be enhanced when breast implants are inserted as part of the procedure adding support to the newly positioned breast tissue
Abdominoplasty
Abdominoplasty
Procedure:
The excess skin and fat are removed surgically from the abdominal area. Depending on the needs of the patient, the muscles of the abdominal wall are tightened. The incision is a half moon shape (length dependant on the mass of skin and fat to be removed), and is usually made directly under the overhanging skin.
Length:
Approximately two to four hours.
Anesthesia:
Most commonly patients are placed under general anesthesia. This procedure can also be performed with a regional nerve block obtained with local anesthetic agents.
Inpatient/Outpatient:
Either is possible and depends on the patient's health and the doctor's preference.
Possible Side Effects:
Temporary discomfort, post-operative swelling, soreness or tenderness in the surrounding areas, numbness of abdominal skin and bruising are possible side effects.
Risks:
Infection, bleeding under the skin flap or at the incision site, pulmonary embolism (a blood clot that travels to the lung), scarring (keloids), delayed healing, or the need for a second reversionary operation are potential risks:
Recovery:
The patient may return to work within two to four weeks. Upon re-evaluation by the physician, the patient - may return to more strenuous activity after approximately four to six weeks. Scars should fade and flatten anywhere from three months to one year after surgery .
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